Phonology

General Tips¹

• Learn the IPA ASAP
• Associate a keyword with IPAs that are harder
• Remember the internal logic of common IPA charts (looks like a head turned left)
  • Use a blank IPA chart
• Common transcription errors in vowels and stress
  • Finding stress: say word in sing-song like someone’s name, and syllable with highest pitch is primary stress

IPA Chart

Vowels

Clickable IPA Charts

Interactive Sagittal Section

Consonants

1. Speech Organs

2. Consonants I

3. Consonants II

4. Environments & prosody

5. Vowels I, Phonemes I

6. Phonemes II, Vowels II

7. Sound change

8. World English & Aust. Languages

9. Acquisition

10. Phonology I & II

11. Phonology III & IV

12. Phonology V & VI

Resources

• Phonology - Crash Course Linguistics #10
  • via allthingslinguistic.com
  • on YouTube
• Self-teaching phonology on Mutual Intelligibility
• All Things Linguistic FAQ https://allthingslinguistic.com/post/67308552090/how-to-remember-the-ipa-vowel-chart
  • How to remember the IPA vowel chart
  • How to remember the IPA consonant chart
  • IPA transcription practice
  • A detailed explanation of sonorants, obstruents, and sonority
  • A very elaborate Venn diagram of English phonological features
  • The basics of how Optimality Theory works, with coffee analogy
  • Allophones of /t/, explained with internet gifs
  • Several good visualizations and explanations of the vocal tract